On August 21, National Senior Citizens Day shines a spotlight on older Americans and their wellbeing. While celebrating their value and accomplishments, issues that impact an increasing demographic should be discussed.

According to the United States Census Bureau, “in 2020, about 1 in 6 people in the United States were age 65 and over. In 1920, this proportion was less than 1 in 20.” 

“The older population increased by 50.9 million, from 4.9 million (or 4.7% of the total U.S. population) in 1920 to 55.8 million (16.8%) in 2020. This represents a growth rate of about 1,000%, almost five times that of the total population (about 200%),” Zoe Caplan, a statistician demographer in the Census Bureau’s Sex and Age Statistics Branch also reported.

Dr. Adwoafuaa (Monica) Nwokocha, MD, a board-certified emergency physician, author and speaker, discussed key takeaways about seniors and their care.

The Definition of a Senior Citizen

There is not one universal definition of a senior citizen, according to Dr. Nwokocha. In healthcare, adults age 65 and older are regarded as senior citizens because it is the traditional Medicare eligibility age. 

“However, some community organizations and programs begin serving seniors at age 60. The most important thing is recognizing that aging affects everyone differently. Some people remain very active and independent well into their eighties and nineties, while others may need additional support at a younger age. For more information, the National Institute on Aging provides excellent resources for older adults and caregivers,” she further stated.

Staying Connected to Seniors

It is essential to stay connected to seniors, despite the location of family and loved ones. Distance does not have to mean disconnection. Dr. Nwokocha explained that regular phone calls and video chats can help families notice changes in mood, appearance, or cognition. 

“If a loved one is in a nursing facility, I encourage families to maintain regular communication with staff, participate in care conferences when possible, and make both scheduled and occasional unscheduled visits. If family members live too far away, consider asking a trusted friend, neighbor, or local clergy member to visit periodically. Consistent communication helps identify problems early and reminds seniors that they have a strong support system,” she explained.

Signs of Elder Abuse or Neglect

Some warning signs that an elder may be a victim of abuse or neglect include unexplained bruises or injuries; sudden weight loss; poor hygiene; repeated falls without a clear explanation; fearfulness around certain caregivers; social withdrawal;  or significant personality changes, Dr. Nwokocha noted.

“Financial warning signs such as unusual bank activity, missing possessions, or unexpected changes to legal documents can also suggest exploitation. While these signs don't automatically mean abuse has occurred, they should prompt further evaluation,” she added.

Physical abuse may be present with bruises in unusual locations, fractures, burns, or repeated emergency room visits with inconsistent explanations. Emotional abuse is often more subtle. A senior may appear unusually anxious, depressed, withdrawn, or fearful of speaking openly. Neglect may appear as dehydration, malnutrition, untreated medical conditions, medication errors, poor hygiene, or unsafe living conditions. 

“As physicians, we pay attention not only to injuries but also to changes in behavior because emotional abuse can be just as harmful as physical abuse,” Dr. Nwokocha stated.

Support Loved Ones Who Live Alone

Dr. Nwokocha pointed out that safety begins with planning, especially when a senior lives alone. Ensure the home has working smoke detectors, adequate lighting, and reduced fall hazards such as loose rugs or clutter. Encourage medication management systems, emergency alert devices if appropriate, and regular medical appointments. Stay connected through routine check-ins and encourage seniors to remain socially engaged through family, faith communities, or local organizations. Maintain physical safety and social connection. It is essential for healthy aging.

How to Support Independence in Seniors 

“One of the greatest gifts we can give older adults is preserving their dignity. Rather than making decisions for them, involve them in conversations about their care and daily routines whenever possible. Ask what kind of help they would find most useful instead of assuming they need assistance,” Dr. Nwokocha explained.

Independence does not necessarily mean doing everything alone—it means maintaining choice, purpose, and respect. 

“Supporting autonomy while providing appropriate assistance often leads to better health and a higher quality of life,” Dr. Nwokocha added.